飞机探测云物理数据集的建立和应用   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

姚展予  濮江平  刘卫国  陈跃  汪晓滨  王柏忠 《应用气象学报》2004,15(Z1):68-74

通过收集大量历史和现今的飞机探测云物理资料,对所获取的资料进行必要的质量控制和检验,并进行统一整理、加工、规范和信息化处理,形成了具有规范格式和详细说明文档的"飞机探测云物理数据集"产品.该数据集产品具有分类查询、数据导出、格式说明等功能,可以按照时间属性、地理空间属性、数据种类等不同属性对该数据集中的各类数据进行多元化使用.借助于"气象科研数据共享平台","飞机探测云物理数据集"产品已在一定范围内得到广泛应用.在此应用基础上,包括国家科技攻关项目在内的许多科研或业务项目已经取得了许多可喜的成果.  相似文献   

Modelling the effect of an assumed cosmic ray-modulated global cloud cover on the terrestrial surface temperature     

J. Ramírez  B. Mendoza  V. Mendoza  J. Adem 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2004,66(18):263

We have used the thermodynamic model of the climate to estimate the effect of variations in the oceanic cloud cover on the surface temperature of the Earth in the North Hemisphere (NH) during the period 1984–1990. We assume that the variations in the cloud cover are proportional to the variation of the cosmic ray flux measured during the same period. The results indicate that the effect in the temperature is slightly noticeable when we consider the surface hemispheric temperature on July 1987, finding an average temperature anomaly between −0.06°C and −0.14°C, along a latitudinal band between 20° and 40°. The surface temperature averaged globally in the NH presents a decrease of 0.01°C in average, which is almost the same for continents and oceans. However, these values are not significant when compared to the overall variability of the time series with and without forcing.  相似文献   

夏末华北低槽尾部雹云的生成环境和结构特征     

苏爱芳  银燕  蔡淼 《高原气象》2012,31(5):1376-1385

利用常规观测资料、多普勒雷达和卫星探测及反演资料、区域自动站资料及NCEP再分析资料,分析了2009年8月27日冀中南地区的突发性强风雹天气过程。结果表明,扩散南下的弱冷空气对强对流起触发作用,地面辐合线进一步促进了对流发展。雹云发展于上干下湿的环境场中,凝结潜热释放可能为雹云迅速发展提供了能量,中等偏强的深层垂直风切变为雹云的发展和维持提供了有利的动力条件。但08:00湿层低而浅薄、0℃层高度偏高(高于历史出雹的平均高度)和云顶亮温相对高等特征增加了预报难度,而相对高的云光学厚度可为午后强对流发展提供短临预报信息。雹云在雷达反射率产品上表现为线状排列的"超级单体族"特征,向东传播的多单体风暴使强风雹天气得以持续。  相似文献   

Relationship between radar reflectivity and the time scale of warm rain formation in a global cloud-resolving model     

Kentaroh Suzuki  Graeme L. Stephens   《Atmospheric Research》2009,92(4):411-419

The connections between radar reflectivity and the time scale of warm rain formation are examined within a global cloud-resolving model. The parameterizations formulae of auto-conversion and accretion processes in the model reveal specific relationships between the time scale for auto-conversion and radar reflectivity of cloud water as well as between the time scale for accretion and radar reflectivity of rain water. The overall time scale for warm rain formation, determined by combined contributions from these processes, is found to relate with total radar reflectivity in the manner that varies with cloud-rain composition between auto-conversion and accretion limits. The global statistics from the model output reveals that the time scale is closely related with the total radar reflectivity, thus suggesting that the radar reflectivity is a gross measure of the warm rain time scale. The relationship developed is applied to both model-simulated and CloudSat-observed radar reflectivities to compare the time scales of warm rain formation between observation and the model. Comparison of the time scale so derived reveals significant differences between the model and CloudSat observations. These differences suggest that the simulated cloud-rain composition in the model is biased toward larger rain water contents and smaller content of cloud water compared to reality due to an accelerated cloud-to-rain water conversion in the model.  相似文献   

A comparison of MODIS-derived cloud amount with visual surface observations   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Andrzej Z. Kotarba   《Atmospheric Research》2009,92(4):522-530

Two main sources for global cloud climatologies are visual surface observations and observations made by spaceborne sensors. Satellite observations compared with surface data show in most cases differences ranging from − 15% up to − 1%, depending on sensor and observation conditions. These differences are partially controlled by sensors' cloud detection capabilities — a higher number of spectral bands and higher spatial resolution are believed to allow discrimination of clouds from land/ocean/snow background. A Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) produces images of the atmosphere in 36 spectral bands with a spatial resolution of 250–1000 m, thus having a capacity for cloud detection far more advanced than other operating sensors. In this study, instantaneous MODIS cloud observations were compared with surface data for Poland for January (winter) and July (summer) 2004. It was found that MODIS observed 4.38% greater cloud amount in summer conditions and 7.28% in winter conditions. Differences were greater at night (7–8%) than in daytime (0.5–7%) and correlations ranged between 0.577 (winter night) and 0.843 (winter day, summer day and night).  相似文献   

Analysis of microsecond- and submicrosecond-scale electric field pulses produced by cloud and ground lightning discharges     

Amitabh Nag  Brian A. DeCarlo  Vladimir A. Rakov 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):316-325

We examined microsecond- and submicrosecond-scale pulses in electric field records of cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning discharges acquired in summer 2006, in Gainesville, Florida. A total of 12 cloud and 12 ground flashes were analyzed in detail, with the electric field record length being 96 or 200 ms and sampling interval being 4 or 10 ns. The majority of pulses in both cloud and ground discharges analyzed in this study were associated with the initial breakdown process and were relatively small in amplitude and duration. The typical durations were an order of magnitude smaller than tens of microseconds characteristic of “classical” preliminary breakdown pulses. We estimated that 26% of the pulses in the 12 cloud discharges and 22% of the pulses in the 12 cloud-to-ground discharges had total durations less that 1 µs.  相似文献   

Past,present and future vegetation-cloud feedbacks in the Amazon Basin     

E. Pinto  Y. Shin  S. A. Cowling  C. D. Jones 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(6):741-751

To begin exploring the underlying mechanisms that couple vegetation to cloud formation processes, we derive the lifting condensation level (LCL) to estimate cumulus cloud base height. Using a fully coupled land–ocean–atmosphere general circulation model (HadCM3LC), we investigate Amazonian forest feedbacks on cloud formation over three geological periods; modern-day (a.d. 1970–1990), the last glacial maximum (LGM; 21 kya), and under a future climate scenario (IS92a; a.d. 2070–2090). Results indicate that for both past and future climate scenarios, LCL is higher relative to modern-day. Statistical analyses indicate that the 800 m increase in LCL during the LGM is related primarily to the drier atmosphere promoted by lower tropical sea surface temperatures. In contrast, the predicted 1,000 m increase in LCL in the future scenario is the result of a large increase in surface temperature and reduced vegetation cover.  相似文献   

利用CloudSat资料分析青藏高原、高原南坡及南亚季风区云高度的统计特征量   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

王胜杰  何文英  陈洪滨  卞建春  王振会 《高原气象》2010,29(1):1-9

云与辐射的相互作用对全球的天气和气候变化过程有着重要的影响,不同高度的云有着不同的辐射强迫,获得云体高度及其在时空上的变化对研究全球气候的变化有着重要意义。本文利用云卫星上的云廓线雷达(CloudSat/CPR)2006年6月—2007年12月期间的资料,对比分析了青藏高原、高原南坡和南亚季风区域不同云类的云顶、云底高度和云厚统计量。结果表明,在所研究区域单位面积上的云顶和云底高度变化具有一定的时空连续性,不同云类的云顶和云底高度存在不同的变化范围,且随着季节的改变均有明显的变化;同时各区域不同云类的云体厚度在夏季较大,冬季较小;各区域不同云类所占的比例(云量)也具有一定的季节变化规律。  相似文献   

华北云凝结核分布及与云滴相互作用的观测研究     

栗惠玲  李培仁  李国权 《山西气象》2010,(1):45-48

利用美国DMT公司生产的连续气流单过饱和度云凝结核计数器（DMT—CCN仪）,于2009年4月-7月在华北上空进行云凝结核观测,对不同天气现象下云凝结核的数浓度进行统计分析,研究了云凝结核的垂直分布特征以及水平穿云时云凝结核和云滴的相互作用和演变。  相似文献   

FY-2C云迹风资料在中尺度数值模式中的应用研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

李华宏  王曼  薛纪善  杞明辉 《气象学报》2008,66(1):50-58

利用探空观测资料对FY-2C云迹风资料进行统计检验和误差分析,并针对其误差特征进行偏差订正和热成风原理两种方法的质量控制.然后通过GRAPES-3Dvar同化到GRAPES-Meso模式中,对2005年7月1日00时至7月2日00时发生在中国西北部的一次暴雨过程进行了数值对比试验.结果表明:云迹风数量在垂直方向上主要集中分布于500 hPa以上的对流层中高层,在250 hPa附近数量分布概率最大;高度在500 hPa以下云迹风存在明显的风向误差和很大的风速误差,而且误差分布发散,可用性较差.500 hPa以上层次的云迹风误差较小,且误差分布呈高斯分布具有一定的系统特性,可用性较好;通过质量控制后,可以把风向错误或风速偏差太大的云迹风予以剔除,进一步提高云迹风的精度;同化云迹风资料后,在暴雨区附近初始风场低层的西南气流明显加强,有利于暴雨区水汽输送和水汽辐合,最终能很好地改善24 h暴雨预报的强度和落区.  相似文献